Microfluidic contact lenses are considered a promising approach for combining diagnostics and therapy directly on the surface of the eye. A review recently published in the journal Microsystems & Nanoengineering sheds light on the current state of development of this technology. The focus is on the question of how high-precision microchannels and sensor systems can be integrated into soft, curved lenses – without compromising the quality of vision or wearing comfort.
In the publication, researchers from the Manipal Institute of Applied Physics and Manipal University Jaipur analyze how new manufacturing techniques – including 3D-printed negative molds, laser structuring and soft lithography – enable functional contact lenses that can both record biometric parameters and release active ingredients in a targeted manner. Deformable microchannels that react to changes in pressure with color shifts are used to measure intraocular pressure, for example in glaucoma patients. Sensors for glucose, pH or lactate also enable continuous monitoring of tear fluid via smartphone-compatible interfaces.
On a therapeutic level, integrated microchambers offer the possibility of delivering medication in defined doses – controlled by physical stimuli such as magnetic fields or the body’s own signals such as pH changes. The transparency of the lens is retained, which is crucial for its suitability for everyday use. Additive manufacturing in particular contributes to individualization and miniaturization: 3D printing allows adaptation to patient-specific geometries, while ultrashort laser pulses can precisely introduce structures in the micrometer range.
“MCLs represent a convergence of vision care and advanced diagnostics,” said Prof. Sajan D. George, the review’s corresponding author. “Our goal is to create a single, wearable device that seamlessly combines biosensing, therapeutic delivery, and user comfort. Many of these technologies are still in development, but the progress in fabrication and materials is encouraging. We’re moving closer to clinical translation.”
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