Researchers at the Institute of Bioengineering in Catalonia (IBEC) have developed novel 3D-printed scaffolds made of polylactic acid (PLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) that promote the formation of blood vessels and thus improve the healing and regeneration of bone tissue. This method could be a promising alternative to traditional transplantation techniques, which often fail due to a lack of vascularization.
The scaffolds, which were precisely manufactured using 3D bioprinting, combine mechanical stability with biological functionality. Bones consist of a mineralized and a non-mineralized component that needs to be supplied with blood for efficient healing. The structure developed by IBEC ensures optimal porosity to allow the transport of nutrients and oxygen, cell penetration and waste removal.
In vitro tests showed that the scaffolds induced human mesenchymal stem cells to proliferate and stimulated the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key factor in blood vessel formation. In vivo tests with a mouse model showed that the scaffolds showed good integration and significant vascularization after only one week. After four weeks, the blood vessels were more stable and showed thickened walls, indicating sustained vascularization.
“We believe that our 3D printed scaffolds could revolutionize the way we approach bone regeneration. By enhancing vascularization, we can significantly improve healing outcomes and reduce the chances of complications associated with traditional grafting methods”, said Oscar Castaño, senior researcher at IBEC.
The results mark an important step in the development of patient-specific implants that could increase the chances of successful bone healing and minimize complications such as tissue necrosis.
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